 주민등 4자참여로 ‘갈등함수’ 해답  [한겨레] 전문가 중재아래 ‘한탄강댐 분쟁’출구 도달
“몸싸움과 소송 대신 토론과 협상으로” 한탄강댐 건설을 둘러싼 논란이 새로운 ‘참여형 분쟁해결’의 본보기가 될 것인지에 눈길이 쏠리고 있다.
한탄강댐은 1996년부터 98, 99년 거푸 임진강 유역을 덮친 대규모 홍수를 막기 위해 건설교통부가 99년 시작한 국책사업이다. 그러나 찬성과 반대 주민의 대립, 환경단체와 건교부 사이의 사업 타당성을 둘러싼 논란이 거듭되면서 해결의 실마리를 찾지 못한 채 갈등의 골만 깊어갔다.
지속가능발전위원회가 대통령의 요청을 받아 중재를 통한 환경갈등 해결의 새 모델 만들기에 나섰다. 먼저 지난 2월 정진승 한국개발원 국제정책대학원장을 단장으로 한 5명의 전문가로 이뤄진 ‘한탄강댐 갈등관리준비단’이 구성됐다. 준비단이 내놓은 해결방안은 전문적인 중재단이 갈등당사자들의 대화와 토론을 조정해 합의로 이끄는 것으로, 미국에서 널리 활용되고 있는 방식이다.
갈등조정 절차는 이렇다.<그림 참조> 우선 논란 당사자의 대표를 선정해 당사자회의를 꾸린다. 여기서 합의에 이르는 절차를 합의한다. 서로 욕설을 하지 않기로 하는 것을 비롯해 발언과 반론기회 등 회의 진행방식, 최종합의 방법, 합의결과를 받아들인다는 약속 등이 이뤄진다. 이 회의에서 전문가들은 철저하게 중간에 서서 이해당사자들끼리 대화가 매끄럽게 이뤄지도록 윤활유 노릇을 할 뿐 결정에 나서지 않는다. 그렇다고 합의에 이르기까지 끝없이 회의를 계속하는 것은 아니다. 갈등관리준비단은 오는 8월을 시한으로 두고, 그때까지 합의를 얻지 못하면 지속가능위로 넘겨 자체 조사와 토론, 표결 등을 통해 조정안을 만들게 된다.
지난 1일 갈등관리준비단은 찬성 주민이 많은 연천군과 반대쪽인 철원군 주민을 상대로 조정절차 설명회를 열었다. 현재 논란 당사자인 찬성주민, 반대주민, 환경단체, 건설교통부 등 4개 관련당사자들이 대표자를 뽑아 이 조정절차에 참여하는 데 동의했다. 오는 20일에는 첫 관련당사자회의가 열릴 예정이다.
정진승 갈등관리준비단장은 “현재까지의 진행으로 보아 성공적으로 합의에 이를 것으로 보인다”며 “논쟁 당사자들이 투명하고 공정하게 참여해 가장 합리적인 결론에 이르도록 노력하겠다”고 말했다.
조홍섭 기자 ecothink@hani.co.kr
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