한탄강 사랑 :: 소양댐 붕괴위험에 대한 의견(2004-3-23 )

이름: 강원일보

2007/8/21(화)

소양댐 붕괴위험에 대한 의견(2004-3-23 )

[기고]소양댐 붕괴위험에 대한 의견
( 오피니언 2004-3-23 기사 )

　최근 소양강댐 안전문제에 대해서 많은 논란이 일고 있다. 지난 99년 1차 정밀안전 진단 결과 우안측 암반에서 누수가 발견되어 이를 차단하라는 제안이 있었고, 소양댐측은 주민들께 “안전에는 전혀 문제가 없다”고 발표했으면서 몰래 공사를 했다고 한다. 소양강댐은 점토 모래 큰돌로 쌓아 1973년 완공된 국내 최대의 사력댐이다. 이 물로 수도권 주민의 식수를 담당하고 홍수에 안전토록하는 등 우리나라 국민절반의 삶의 질 향상에 기여하고 있는 반면 붕괴로 인해 춘천시는 물론 수도권 주민의 인명과 재산을 파괴시킬 위험도 동시에 가지고 있다. 따라서 무엇보다도 우선하여 안전하게 관리해야 하는 국가 주요 시설물인 것이다.

　댐은 일반적으로 4가지 측면에서 안전여부를 가린다.

　첫째 설계강우 이상 큰 홍수가 왔을 때 여수로로 방류하고도 능력이 모자라 수위가 상승하며, 결국 댐정상을 월류하여 붕괴되는 경우다. 최근 이상기후와 국지성 폭우가 빈발하여 많은 불안을 가져왔으나 올해부터 1,600억원을 들여 기존 여수로와 같은 규모로 또 하나 설치한다기에 이젠 별로 걱정 안해도 좋을 것 같다.

　두번째로 댐 본체의 결함여부다.

　댐체나 댐기초의 접촉부의 부실시공이 있을 경우 댐체 내에서는 누수가 발생하고, 이러한 누수가 점점 커지면 결국 붕괴에 이른다. 이러한 징후를 미리 발견코자 댐체내 각종 계측장치를 매설하여 그 측정결과를 분석하여 안전징후를 미리 파악한다. 30년 동안 연속적으로 축적된 계측자료를 분석하여 이상유무를 가리게 되며, 1차진단 결과, 여러 연구기관에서 안전하다는 보고가 있었다. 현재 2차진단 시행 중이니 결과를 지켜봐야겠지만 큰 문제는 없을것으로 판단된다.

　세번째로 수몰지 누수현상이다. 수몰지가 석회암지대이거나 돌속에 구멍이 있는 화산지대에서 흔히 나타나는 경우다. 예를들면 한강본류 태백 광동댐 유역의 물이 전혀 다른 동해안측 삼척 환선굴측 골말에서 유출되는 경우 또는 제주도 고지대의 물이 구멍뚤린 돌 사이로 빠져 바다에서 용출되는 경우다. 소양강댐 물이 화천댐이나 홍천강유역으로 새어나갈 가능성을 의심해볼 수 있으나 그러한 곳은 없는 것 같다.

　네번째로 댐체와는 다소 거리가 있는 원지반의 이상유무다. 원지반이 약해 균열이 심하면 댐 본체의 과도한 침하가 발생하여 붕괴에 이르기도 하고 균열이 점점 커져 유출 부근에 예측 못할 위험에 이를 수 있다. 그러나 이 경우는 댐 본체의 위험에 비해 서서히 진행되고, 설사 누수 되더라도 기초부위가 아니면 본체에 직접 손상을 입히지 않기 때문에 심각하게 우려할 바는 아니다. 그렇지만 이러한 상태를 오랫동안 방치해 두면 점점 누수량이 커져서 위험에 이를 수도 있으며, 누수지점을 정확히 알기만 한다면 차단하는 방법도 그리 어렵지 않다.

　이번 문제는 네 번째 경우다. 댐 우안부(소양댐배터로 가는 광장)의 암반에서 누수현상이 발견되어 방치해두면 위험가능성이 있으니 차단하라는 제안이 있었고, 물과 시멘트 섞인 액을 높은 압력으로 주입하는 공법을 택해 누수를 차단했다는 것이다.

　춘천시민들이 수차례 안전진단결과를 발표하라고 요구했을 때 “전혀 이상이 없다”고 답변하면서 한편으로는 수개월 동안 몰래 공사를 하였고 누수의 차단을 확인한 후에 공사완공 사실을 알려 주민들이 분노케 한 것이다.

　댐관리단측은 본체에 직접적인 손상을 입힐 가능성이 전혀 없고 혹 잘못 알려지면 시민들이 불안해할까 우려해서 알리지 않았다는 것이다.

　어느 시설물이든 수명을 다할 때까지 보수 보강은 불가피하며, 따라서 노후 되거나 이상이 있는 경우 보수 보강해야하는 것이다. 그러나 한 도시가 초토화 될 수도 있는 그러한 위험시설물에 대해서 주민들이 의혹을 제기했을 때 정직하게 답변 할 의무가 있는 것이다. 더구나 그리 심각치도 않은 사실이라고 주장 하면서도 설득하려 하지 않고, 뒤늦게 발표하여 불신을 갖게 함은 지역주민을 하나의 대립자로 생각하는 것 같다. 서로 협조하는 파트너로 생각 해 주길 바란다.

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